语言管理理论/模型/框架是由Jiří V. Neustupný和Björn H. Jernudd所创立，这两位学者提出了其基本架构。为避免误解，需要强调的是，对语言管理理论的判断和识别，须依据其理论主张，而非依据是否冠以“语言管理”的标题。我们这么说是出于两个原因：首先，在早期发表的文献中，探讨语言管理理论基本特征时，出现过不同的标签，主要是“语言修正”（Cooper（1989: 40f.）曾探讨过）；其次，一些学者虽也使用语言管理这个术语，却与Neustupný 与 Jernudd所创立的语言管理理论主张无关，可能将语言管理这个术语或多或少地等同于语言规划。
语言管理理论与语言规划理论同时肇始。（参见 Rubin and Jernudd 1971，以及 Rubin, Jernudd, Das Gupta, Fishman and Ferguson 1977; cf. also Jernudd 1983）然而，语言管理理论逐步发展，与语言规划理论渐行渐远，成为一个与之不同的理论(参见Jernudd 1991)。Neustupný坚定地将宏观语言规划建立在语言问题理论之上，这一点至关重要（特别参见Neustupný 1978）。在理论层面上，具体的交际活动被视作语言问题的主要来源，将语言规划的理论关注点转移至微观维度（参见Kimura 2005）。语言规划活动的理想模型是在个人交际活动中确定语言问题–>特定的语言规划机构采取措施–>将这些措施实施在个人交际活动中。
Neustupný（1994: 50）论述如下：
“我认为，任何语言规划活动都应源自话语中的语言问题，规划的过程必须以解决话语中的问题为终点。”
对于语言管理理论更为全面的阐述详见Neustupný & Nekvapil (2003), Neustupný (2002), Nekvapil (2006, 2012)等的专题论述,更早期的论述亦可详见Neustupný (1978) 和Jernudd (1991).最新的理论运用和创新收录在Nekvapil & Sherman (2009), Marriott & Nekvapil (2012), Nekvapil & Sherman (2014) and (2015).在下一节中，您将看到语言管理理论的基本概念和区别，以及语言管理研究方法的简要介绍。
参考文献
Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jernudd, B. H. (1983). Evaluation of language planning – what has the last decade accomplished? In J. Cobarrubias & J. A. Fishman (eds), Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton, 345-378.
Jernudd, B. H. (1991). Lectures on Language Problems. Delhi: Bahri Publications. The fifth lecture: "Individual discourse management" PDF (1.4 MB); the ninth lecture: "Research Directions" PDF (1.6 MB)
Kimura, G. (2005). Gengoseisaku kenkyu no gengokan o tou: Gengokeikaku/gengotaido no nibunhou kara gengokanri no riron e [How do researchers on language policy perceive language? - From the language planning/language attitude dichotomy to Language Management Theory]. Gengoseisaku [Language policy], 1, 1-13. English manuscript in PDF
Marriott, H. & Nekvapil, J. (eds) (2012). Language Management Approach: Probing the Concept of "Noting". Special issue of Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 22 (2).
Nekvapil, J. (2006). From language planning to language management. Sociolinguistica: International Yearbook of European Sociolinguistics, 20, 92-104.
Nekvapil, J. (2012). From language planning to language management: J. V. Neustupný's heritage. Media Komyunikeshon kenkyu / Media and Communication Studies, 63. Sapporo: Hokkaido University, Research Faculty of Media and Communication, 5–21. PDF (2.9 MB)
Nekvapil, J. & Sherman, T. (eds) (2009). Language Management in Contact Situations: Perspectives from Three Continents. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Nekvapil, J. & Sherman, T. (eds) (2014). Jazykový management / Language Management. Special Issue of Slovo a slovesnost, 75 (4). On-line
Nekvapil, J. & Sherman, T. (eds.) (2015). Special Issue: The Language Management Approach: Perspectives on the Interplay of Bottom-Up and Top-Down. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 232. Frontmatter & contents
Neustupný, J. V. (1978). Post-structural Approaches to Language. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Chapter XII: "Outline of a theory of language problems" PDF (2.1 MB)
Neustupný, J. V. (1994). Problems of English contact discourse and language planning. In T. Kandiah & J. Kwan-Terry (eds), English and Language Planning. Singapore: Academic Press, 50–69.
Neustupný, J. V. (2002). Sociolingvistika a jazykový management [Sociolinguistics and language management]. Sociologický časopis – Czech Sociological Review, 38, 429–442. On-line
Neustupný, J. V. & Nekvapil, J. (2003). Language management in the Czech Republic. Current Issues in Language Planning, 4, 181-366. [Reprinted in Baldauf, R.B. & Kaplan, R. B. (eds) (2005). Language Planning and Policy in Europe. Vol. 2. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 16–201.] PDF (1.5 MB)
Rubin, J. & Jernudd, B. H. (eds) (1971). Can Language Be Planned? Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.
Rubin, J., Jernudd, B. H., Das Gupta, J., Fishman, J. A. & Ferguson, C. A. (eds) (1977). Language Planning Processes. The Hague, Paris, New York: Mouton Publishers.
Spolsky, B. (2009). Language Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.